UPPER LIMB amputees have a lot of problems in undertaking daily activities. In order to increase the performance of the UPPER LIMB amputees various kinds of PROSTHESES have been developed which can be divided into mechanical and cosmesis ones depends upon their motion mechanism employed. The abilities of the clients to use their PROSTHESES are not as good as expected. So the main aim of this research project was to find the amounts of ability of the subjects to use their prosthesis during undertaking daily activities.Moreover, it was planned to find the influence of type of prosthesis, side of amputation and level of amputation on the ability of the subjects to use their PROSTHESES.Method: 76 patients with UPPER LIMB amputations were recruited in this research project. Some parameters such as the ability of the subjects to use the PROSTHESES, age of participants, side and level of amputation were selected for final analysis.Results: the results of this research project showed that although most of the patients received mechanical PROSTHESES, they use their artificial LIMBs only as a supportive lever. However their abilities to use their PROSTHESES while driving or doing personal hygiene was more than that of other activities. There was no difference between the performance of the subjects with mechanical and cosmesis PROSTHESES in this research project.Conclusion: amongst various parameters which influence the performance of the UPPER LIMB PROSTHESES, the influence of training is more important. It is recommended to manufacture the UPPER LIMB PROSTHESES from new materials and by use of the new methods.

The performance of the UPPER LIMB amputees is significantly reduced in contrast to that of normal subjects. In order to compensate the functional limitation of the amputees various kinds of PROSTHESES have been designed and developed, which are divided in to mechanical, cosmetic and myoelectric ones based on their functional abilities. Unfortunately, most of the UPPER LIMB amputees prefer to not use any PROSTHESES or only use the cosmetic ones. The aim of this research is to find the association between the type of PROSTHESES, the level of amputation with the acceptance rate of the PROSTHESES.Method: 76 UPPER LIMB amputees were recruited in this research study. They have been referred to Rehabilitation centers in Isfahan, Tehran and Shiraz cities. The acceptance rate of the UPPER LIMB PROSTHESES was evaluated by use of a questioner which has been developed in this regards.Results: the results of this research study showed that the correlation between the level of amputation, type and the acceptance rate of the UPPER LIMB PROSTHESES is not significant. Moreover, the amputees at wrist and above elbow levels do not have too much interest to use their PROSTHESES.Conclusion: it has been concluded that the willingness of the UPPER LIMB amputees to use their PROSTHESES can be increased by improving the cosmesis and the functional abilities of the artificial LIMBs. Moreover, it is recommended to manufacture the PROSTHESES from the lighter materials.

UPPER LIMBs deep vein thrombosis is a rare event in patients, although increasing incidence is seen due to higher cancer diagnosis rate and the use of various vascular catheters. A 58-year-old man with a history of anemia was scheduled for radical prostatectomy due to prostate adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent surgery under general anesthesia. After surgery, he was transferred to the intensive care unit. At the beginning of admission, right LIMB edema in the distal part of the right LIMB (hands and wrists) was observed that was accompanied by cyanosis and pain. The patient was diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis and was treated with anticoagulant drugs. He was discharged after 4 days in a good general condition and uneventfully. This report shows that patients with venous catheters, especially patients who are candidates for surgery, are at high risk of deep vein thrombosis and need careful monitoring after surgery.

Since "variation" is one of anatomy topics which helps other medical sciences, specially surgery, and gives assures surgeons of surgical operations. Thus, investigation of variations in cadavers is very important and essential.A cadaver about 50-year-old and white race was prepared and dissected at Anatomy Department of Fasa Medical School.After dissecting the left arm, it was revealed that in the half of the arm brachial artery has been divided into its terminal branches which are radial and ulnar arteries. The radial artery was located in the medial and the ulnar artery was located in the lateral side so that ulnar artery supply blood to biceps muscle. Coracobrachialis muscles are also supplied by radial artery. Also, brachialis muscles are supplied by ulnar and radial arteries respectively. The profunda brachei was laterally branched immediately over the point of dividing of the brachial artery. The radial and ulnar arteries were crossed in about 3cm over the top of cubital fossa. Radial artery extended toward extensors and ulnar artery extended toward flexors groups muscles .These variations can make problems for surgeons in arm surgery.

Background: In the last 15 or 20 years, UPPER extremity musculoskeletal disorders have been recognized as a cause of major medical problems among industrial workers.Objectives: The aim of this study was conducted to assess risk factors for UPPER LIMB musculoskeletal disorders on workers performing various tasks in a textile factory. Ergonomic interventions and solutions may be developed on the basis of the assessment results.Patients and Methods: Rapid UPPER LIMB Assessment (RULA) was used to evaluate UPPER LIMB musculoskeletal loads, and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was used to measure the prevalence of UPPER LIMB disorders in workers at the Qaem Shahr textile factory. A target population sample included 566 subjects (404 males [71.4%] aged 23–51 years, mean age 32.9 [SD=6.3 years], 161 females [28.6%] aged 21–37 years, mean age 25.6 [SD=8.6 years]).Results: Prevalence data on disorders to the UPPER arms, lower arms, wrists, neck, trunk, and legs were obtained in 497 (87.8%), 255 (45.1%), 318 (56.2%), 383 (67.7%), 436 (77%), and 163 (28.8%) workers, respectively. Recommended action as a result of the assessment varied according to prevalence and severity of the disorders. Tasks involving spinning, direct wrapping, pirn wrapping, Gard machine operating, yarn combing, weaving, and fold counting were revealed to be the most hazardous. The results of the NMQ confirmed the results of the RULA.Conclusions: Preventive measures at the structural, organizational, and personnel levels must be taken for the safety of industrial workers performing tasks categorized as action levels 2-4 in this study. RULA is a useful and practical tool for evaluation of musculoskeletal disorders resulting from working in a textile factory.